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《斯宾诺莎书信集》及其他研究文献已经逐渐披露，斯宾诺莎及其切近的朋友圈子可能共同参与光学研究与炼金术活动。由此而言，自从18世纪末期德国思想界围绕斯宾诺莎主义的“泛神论之争”以来确立的“贫苦哲人斯宾诺莎”的浪漫思想形象，理应日益遭到祛魅。作为17世纪神学世俗化进程中的典型知识分子，斯宾诺莎身边围绕着很多科学家朋友和炼金术士，其著述中的哲学、科学与神学思考并非泾渭分明、截然可分。随着研究的深入，当前学界已经考证出了斯宾诺莎可能从事的光学研究与炼金术活动，这些科学研究工作恰恰可能是其哲学思考的实验科学基石。
Abstract：The image of Spinoza as a scientist has long remained on the periphery of discussions in Spinoza studies, which is quite unusual. Scholars attempts to show the optical research and alchemical activities among Spinoza and his close circle by examining Spinoza's Letters(Epistolae) and other Spinoza research literature. In other words, the romantic image of “Spinoza, the impoverished Philosopher” established since the “Pantheism Controversy” in the late 18th-century should be disenchanted. As a typical intellectual in the secularization process of theology in the 17th-century, Spinoza was surrounded by many friends who are scientist and alchemists, and the philosophical, scientific, and theological considerations in his writings were not clearly separated or distinct. With further research, current scholarship has identified the optical research and alchemical activities that Spinoza may have engaged in, and these scientific research efforts may well have been identified as the experimental scientific foundation for his philosophical thinking.
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(1)《书信集》的当代译者通常会在此处犯错。洪汉鼎先生的译文更正了其他语种译本的常见讹误,但并未完整译出“cum processu anonymi”(锑的操作过程)一句,本文引文根据拉丁语原文有所修改补充。
基本信息:
DOI：10.19484/j.cnki.1000-8934.2026.03.012
中图分类号:B504
引用信息:
[1]毛竹.光学与炼金术：斯宾诺莎科学研究考述[J].自然辩证法研究,2026,42(03):98-105.DOI:10.19484/j.cnki.1000-8934.2026.03.012.
基金信息:
国家社会科学基金青年项目“斯宾诺莎《梵蒂冈抄本》编译研究”(19CZX044);国家社会科学基金重大项目“《斯宾诺莎全集》翻译与研究”(19ZDA031)
2026-03-18
2026-03-18